GENERAL AWARENESS
STATIC GK FOR SSC CGL
INDIAN POLITY
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prepare for General Awareness section
which is asked in SSC CGL, UPSC and other competitive exams. As continuously we
are providing static GK study notes for SSC CGL on various topics. Today we are
providing study notes on ‘INDIAN POLITY’.
Indian polity is one of the most important topics for general awareness section
in the competitive exam. From this topic maximum 10-12 questions are given in
the SSC CGL exam.
On this page in first we
introduce the preamble to the Indian constitution
after that we also provided the main features of the INDIAN CONSTITUTION which are borrowed from the constitution of
other countries.
PREAMBLE TO THE
CONSTITUTION
It
is a preface or the introduction to the Constitution. It is not an integral
part of constitution. The interpretation of constitution is based on the spirit
of Preamble.
The
‘Objective Resolution’, proposed by Pandit Nehru and passed by the Constituent
Assemble, ultimately became the Preamble.
The Preamble States:
WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, have solemnly resolved to
constitute India into a
SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
And to secure to all citizens: JUSTICE social, economic
and political;
LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and
worship;
EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote
among them all
FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the
unity and integrity of the Nation;
IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY, this twenty – sixth day of
November, 1949, do
HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE
TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.
The idea of preamble was borrowed from the
constitution of USA.
The words ‘SOCIALIST’, SECULAR’ and ‘INTEGRITY’
were added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976.
SOVEREIGN means free to follow internal and
external policies.
SOCIALIST means no concentration of power and
money.
SECULAR means no particular religion.
DEMOCRATIC means elected representatives.
REPUBLIC means no room for hereditary ruler
or monarch.
Preamble is not justiciable.
BORROWED FEATURES OF
THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION
Nearly
75 per cent of the constitution can be said to be a reproduction of the
Government of India Act, 1935 with suitable adaptations and modifications. The
basic structure of the polity and provisions regulating Union-State relations,
declaration of emergency etc. were largely based on the 1935 Act.
Besides
the indigenous sources, the Constituent Assembly had before it several models
of foreign constitutions.
FROM UK:
1)
Nominal Head – President (like Queen)
2)
Cabinet System of ministers
3)
Post of the PM
4)
Parliamentary type of Government
5)
Bicameral Parliament
6)
Lower House more powerful
7)
Council of Ministers responsible to Lower House
8)
Speaker in the Lok Sabha
9)
Single citizenship
FROM U.S.
1)
Written Constitution
2)
Executive head of state known as President and his being the
Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces
3)
Vice – President as the ex – officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha
4)
Fundamental Rights
5)
Supreme Court
6)
Provision of States
7)
Independence of Judiciary and judicial review
8)
Preamble
9)
Removal of Supreme Court and High Court judges
FROM ERSTWHILE USSR
1)
Fundamental Duties
2)
Five year planning
FROM AUSTRALIA
1)
Concurrent list
2)
Language of the preamble
3)
Provision regarding trade, commerce and intercourse
FROM JAPAN
1)
Law on which the Supreme Court function
FROM WEIMAR CONSTITUTION OF
GERMANY
1)
Suspension of Fundamental Rights during the emergency
FROM SOUTH AFRICA
1)
Procedure of Constitutional Amendments
FROM CANADA
1)
Scheme of federation with a strong centre.
2)
Distribution of powers between Centre and the States and placing
Residuary Powers with the Centre.
FROM IRELAND
1)
Concept of Directive Principles of State Policy. (Ireland borrowed
it from SPAIN).
2)
Method of election of the President
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